J EMS Med > Volume 2(1); 2023 > Article |
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FUNDING
This study was supported by the Graduate school of Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University in Japan, Navamindradhiraj University for supporting the scholarship, National Institute for Emergency Medicine, and Thailand Science Research and Innovation for the research grant.
AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: DT; Data curation: DT; Formal analysis: DT, HT; Investigation: DT, HT; Methodology: DT, HT, TH; Project administration: DT; Resources: all authors; Software: all authors; Supervision: DT, HT; Validation: DT, HT; Visualization: DT, HT; Writing–original draft: DT, HT; Writing–review & editing: DT, HT.
Mode of functiona) |
% Of strong agreement |
Median |
Interquartile range |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st round | 2nd round | 1st round | 2nd round | 1st round | 2nd round | |
The necessity of smartphone applications in EMS in Thailand | 88 | 93 | 5 | 4.5 | 1 | 1 |
The emergency call mode of activating emergency rescue | ||||||
Emergency number 1669 | 94 | 100 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
Make video calls | 94 | 100 | 4.5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Application can call | 63 | 93 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
The dispatch center will use the location data | ||||||
The OHCA location | 100 | 100 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
The nearby AED location | 100 | 100 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
The bystander nearby AED and nearby OHCA location | 94 | 100 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
The ambulance near the OHCA location | 100 | 93 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
The registered bystander can find the location data | ||||||
The OHCA location | 100 | 100 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
The AED location | 100 | 100 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
The EMR will use the location data | ||||||
The OHCA location | 94 | 100 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
The nearby AED location | 88 | 93 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
The ambulance near the OHCA location | 77 | 93 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
To teach CPR for daily life | ||||||
By picture | 83 | 62 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
By text | 50 | 12 | 3.5 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
By video | 94 | 93 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
To guide bystander when he gives bystander CPR | ||||||
Hands-only CPR | 88 | 100 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0.5 |
Conventional CPR | 50 | 56 | 3.5 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
Pediatric CPR | 88 | 87 | 5 | 4.5 | 1 | 1 |
Infant CPR | 72 | 82 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0.5 |
AED | 94 | 100 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
COVID-19 of personal protective equipment | 66 | 75 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1.5 |
To notify real-time feedback of high-quality CPR for bystanders | ||||||
Rate of chest compression | 100 | 94 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0.5 |
Compression depth | 94 | 94 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0.5 |
Recoil of chest compression | 94 | 87 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Interruptions in chest compressions | 100 | 94 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0.5 |
Notify every 2 min to rotate compressor | 88 | 81 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Track real-time feedback to bystander CPR | ||||||
By light | 50 | 62 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
By picture | 44 | 37 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
By text | 11 | 69 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1.5 |
By waveform | 55 | 62 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
By voice | 100 | 87 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Track bystanders on given care | ||||||
After the case | 83 | 75 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1.5 |
Answer the survey | 83 | 81 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
Contact bystanders | ||||||
By email | 72 | 44 | 3.5 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
By line | 61 | 75 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1.5 |
By phone number | 88 | 87 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
By ID | 44 | 37 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
The distance from applications to a bystander | ||||||
100 m | 61 | 81 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
200 m | 77 | 75 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
300 m | 66 | 87 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
400 m | 83 | 75 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
500 m | 77 | 69 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
Scope of first-aid for bystandera) |
Knowledge |
Practice |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Of expert who agreed |
Median |
Interquartile range |
% Of expert who agreed |
Median |
Interquartile range |
|||||||
1st round | 2nd round | 1st round | 2nd round | 1st round | 2nd round | 1st round | 2nd round | 1st round | 2nd round | 1st round | 2nd round | |
Non-trauma | ||||||||||||
1. Abdominal pain | 44 | 25 | 3 | 3 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 38 | 25 | 3 | 3 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
2. Allergies/stings | 72 | 81 | 5 | 4 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 83 | 75 | 5 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
3. Airway obstruction | 94 | 93 | 5 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 94 | 81 | 5 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
4. Back pain | 33 | 33 | 3 | 3 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 38 | 25 | 3 | 3 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
5. Breathing problems | 94 | 25 | 5 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 94 | 81 | 5 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
6. Cardiac arrest | 94 | 93 | 5 | 5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 94 | 81 | 5 | 5 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
7. Chest pain/heart problems | 88 | 93 | 5 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 94 | 75 | 4 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
8. COVID-19 | 55 | 75 | 4 | 5 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 72 | 62 | 4 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
9. Diabetic problems | 50 | 62 | 3.5 | 4 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 66 | 50 | 4 | 4 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
10. Drug overdose/poisonings/ingestions | 61 | 75 | 4 | 4 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 72 | 62 | 4 | 4 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
11. Dyspnea | 72 | 93 | 4 | 4 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 72 | 69 | 4.5 | 4 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
12. Headache | 50 | 37 | 3.5 | 3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 55 | 56 | 3 | 3 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
13. Loss of consciousness/unconscious/syncope | 94 | 87 | 5 | 5 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 94 | 69 | 5 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
14. Pregnancy/gynecological problems | 55 | 50 | 4 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 66 | 44 | 3.5 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
15. Psychiatric/behavioral problems | 44 | 56 | 3 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 61 | 50 | 3.5 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
16. Seizures or convulsions | 94 | 87 | 5 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 83 | 69 | 5 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
17. Stroke | 94 | 93 | 5 | 5 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 83 | 69 | 5 | 4 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
Trauma | ||||||||||||
1. Animal bite or bee sting | 77 | 69 | 4 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 77 | 69 | 4 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
2. Assault/violence/sexual assault | 61 | 62 | 4 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 27 | 62 | 4 | 4 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
3. Bleeding/laceration | 88 | 81 | 5 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 94 | 44 | 5 | 5 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
4. Broken bone/dislocation/immobilization | 94 | 81 | 5 | 4 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 88 | 87 | 5 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
5. Burns | 83 | 81 | 5 | 3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 83 | 75 | 5 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
6. Cold exposure | 61 | 44 | 4 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 50 | 37 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
7. Near drowning | 88 | 94 | 5 | 4.5 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 55 | 94 | 5 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
8. Electrocution | 83 | 75 | 5 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 88 | 81 | 5 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
9. Eye injuries | 55 | 55 | 4 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 61 | 75 | 4 | 4 | 2.0 | 1.5 |
10. Fall victim | 83 | 75 | 4 | 4.5 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 83 | 75 | 4 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
11. Head injury | 77 | 75 | 5 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 83 | 87 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
12. Heat exposure | 83 | 75 | 4 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 66 | 81 | 4 | 4 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
13. Spinal injury | 88 | 75 | 5 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 83 | 87 | 4 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
14. Stabbing/gunshot victim | 83 | 75 | 5 | 5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 72 | 81 | 4 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
15. Traffic-related injuries | 77 | 87 | 5 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 88 | 87 | 4 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |